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Module 4 of 5 · Mūlādhyayana · ~60 min · quiet reading, no upsells

पञ्चाङ्ग-गणनाThe Five Limbs of the Day

Pañcāṅga-gaṇanā — Tithi, vāra, nakṣatra, yoga, karaṇa — the 5-limb computation that locates any moment in the sacred time-grid.

viṣaya-sūcī · what this module covers

  • Tithi — lunar phase index (1–30), derived from (Moon − Sun) longitude
  • Vāra — day of the week (Sūrya-vāra → Ravi, Soma-vāra → Monday, …)
  • Nakṣatra — Moon's mansion (1 of 27)
  • Yoga — sum of (Sun + Moon) longitudes, 27 divisions
  • Karaṇa — half-tithi (60 karaṇas in a synodic month)

Pre-reqfoundation-rashi-chakra

01सारांशःThe topic, unfolded

saṃkṣepa

The pañcāṅga ('five-limbed') is the daily sacred calendar of the Vedic tradition. Every meaningful muhūrta (electional moment) checks all five limbs. The mathematical foundation: tithi is the angular separation between Moon and Sun in 12° steps (30 tithis = 360° of the synodic Moon cycle); nakṣatra is the Moon's longitude in 13°20' steps; yoga is the sum of (Moon + Sun) longitudes in 13°20' steps; karaṇa is a half-tithi (6° step).

Vāra (weekday) maps to the 7 visible grahas in the Hellenistic-Vedic order: Ravi (Sun), Soma (Moon), Maṅgala (Tuesday/Mars), Budha (Wednesday/Mercury), Bṛhaspati (Thursday/Jupiter), Śukra (Friday/Venus), Śani (Saturday). This day-graha mapping is the substrate of vāra-based remedies and weekday-aligned mantras.

Practical use: /panchang shows you all five limbs for any day-and-place. /ghadi gives you the Vedic-time grid (ghaṭi-pala). /daily integrates these into a daily-practice surface. This is computational, not interpretive — the substrate gives you the data; you choose how to use it.

02शास्त्र-प्रमाणम्Classical anchors

śāstra-pramāṇa · chapter and verse

Textual references · chapter · verses · gloss
TextChapterVersesGloss
Sūrya SiddhāntaCh. 1–2—Mean and true longitudes of Sūrya and Candra — the inputs to tithi/nakṣatra.
BPHSCh. 75—Gocara-phala — uses pañcāṅga elements for transit interpretation.
Internallib/panchang.ts—Engine implementation of the 5-limb computation.

Every anchor maps to a chapter structure in the annotated library. We point to topics; the substrate computes — we do not predict from these texts on your behalf.

03अभ्यासःPraxis

abhyāsa · apply it on the instruments

  1. 01 · Computation

    Open /panchang for today. Identify all five limbs — tithi, vāra, nakṣatra, yoga, karaṇa. Then open /ghadi and note how the day is divided into 60 ghaṭi and each ghaṭi into 60 pala.

  2. 02 · Computation

    Compute the tithi by hand using the rule: tithi-index = floor((Moon-longitude − Sun-longitude) / 12°) + 1. Use the longitudes printed at /chart for any date.

04अग्रिमम्Continue

agrima · the path goes on

Structured study · sources cited — the substrate computes and dates; the qualified ācārya interprets.